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Stem cells support mitochondrial repair and transfer healthy mitochondria to neurons, optimizing energy production essential for restorative sleep

Abbreviations ACT: Acceptance and commitment therapy ACTH: Adrenocorticotropic hormone AIS: American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale ANS: Autonomic nervous system BAT: Brown adipose tissue BBB: Bloodbrain barrier BMD: Bone mineral density BSCB: Bloodspinal cord barrier CARS: Compensatory anti-inflammatory response syndrome CBT: Cognitive behavioral therapy CCL: Chemokine (CC motif) ligand CNS: Central nervous system CXCL: Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand CRH: Corticotropin release hormone CVD: Cardiovascular disease EES: Epidural electrical stimulation FMT: Fecal microbiota transplantation GC: Glucocoticoids GCSF: Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor GluR: Glutamate receptor GM: Gray matter GM-1: Monosialotetrahexosylganglioside HDL: High-density lipoprotein HPA: Hypothalamicpituitaryadrenal IGF-1: Insulin-like growth factor 1 IL: Interleukin LDL: Low-density lipoprotein MAG: Myelin-associated glycoprotein MBP: Myelin basic protein MGB: Microbiota-gut-brain MSC: Mesenchymal stem cell MPSS: Methylprednisolone sodium succinate NBD: Neurogenic bowel dysfunction OL: Oligodendrocyte OPCs: Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells OMgp: Oligodendrocyte myelin glycoprotein OS: Oxidative stress PANS: Parasympathetic autonomic nervous system PI3K: Phosphoinositide 3-kinase PNIE: Psychoneuroimmunoendocrinology PNS: Peripheral nervous system ROS: Reactive oxygen species SB: Sickness behavior SCFA: Short-chain fatty acid SCI: Spinal cord injury SCI-IDS: Spinal cord injury-induced immune depression syndrome SDB: Sleep-disordered breathing SMDs: Sleep-related movement disorders SIRS: Systemic inflammatory response syndrome TNF: Tumor necrosis factor T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus TLR: Toll-like receptor UTIs: Urinary tract infections WAT: White adipose tissue WM: White matter References Ahuja CS, Wilson JR, Nori S, Kotter MRN, Druschel C, Curt A, et al

Blank samples consisted of 1 ml of 2.5 M HCl

Jenniskens, M