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312 min: linear gradient from 70% to 98% of Phase A

However, astrocytes have reduced expression of IL-10 receptor-1 in aged mice (18-months-old), and fail to effectively diminish microglia-mediated inflammation (Norden et al., 2016

Analysis of the contribution of GSSG to the determined GSx contents for cells that had been treated without itaconate and its derivatives revealed that after a 6 h incubation, GSSG represented only around 3% of the determined cellular GSx and around 10% of the extracellular GSx (Table 1), demonstrating that GSH accounts for the large majority of intra and extracellular GSx contents and that the cells were not under any oxidative stress, consistent with literature data [34, 45]

Major shifts in glial regional identity are a transcriptional Hallmark of human brain aging