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Mechanistically, Hedgehog binding to the transmembrane protein patched (PTC) induces the activation of smoothened (SMO), which stimulates the expression of downstream genes such as Ccnd1 via zinc finger transcription (GLI) factors

It initiates a cascade of deleterious changes, including impaired energy metabolism, enhanced ROS production, and intracellular calcium overload

Although there is little direct study on the benefits of carotenoids directly on oxidative stress related to oxidative stress linked with adrenal hormone imbalance, their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory characteristics may have beneficial impacts (121)

Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of zinc