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Cell (2018) 175(7):178095.e19

Under conditions of hypoxia, nutrient deprivation, or impaired mitochondrial function, cancer cells modulate NADPH and GSH levels through key metabolic pathways such as the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), FAO, and glutamine metabolism, thereby establishing a metabolicredox feedback loop [39,40,41]

In the early twentieth century, neurologist Stern and his team, investigating substance transportation between the brain, cerebrospinal fluid, and peripheral blood, identified a semipermeable barrier separating the brain from the rest of the body, facilitating bidirectional movement, and named it the bloodbrain barrier

Glucose regulates enzymatic sources of mitochondrial NADPH in skeletal muscle cells