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The Non-Essential Amino Acid Cysteine Becomes Essential for Tumor Proliferation and Survival

These metabolites were not retained by At GSTF2, neither were they identified in any of the subsequent plant expression studies

Analytica Chimica Acta, 1165 , 338513

1 Introduction Tumor cells, unlike their normal counterparts, are characterized by a heightened demand for nutrient acquisition and utilization, driven by their need to sustain relentless growth and proliferation ( 2 Amino acid metabolism in cell 2.1 Amino acid in energy metabolism Amino acids are pivotal in generating metabolic intermediates, such as acetyl-CoA, which are critical for sustaining energy production through tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) ( Figure 1 ) ( Figure 1 Elevated plasma concentrations of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) in pancreatic cancer patients serve as key metabolic substrates, particularly through their catabolism into acetyl-CoA, a critical intermediate in the TCA cycle ( de novo amino acid synthesis through its conversion to glutamate, a reaction catalyzed by glutaminase (GLS) ( 2.2 Amino acid in redox reactions Cancer cells, characterized by their rapid proliferation, generate elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which oxidize key macromolecules including lipids, proteins, and DNA, thereby inducing cellular damage ( Figure 2 )