glutathione is an example of what kind of peptide Proteins 9.3.1: Peptide Bonds - Chemistry

Intact polyphenols/polysaccharides that escape microbial degradation in the upper gastrointestinal tract directly activate signaling pathways in intestinal epithelial cells and immune cells (233)

In principle, sphingomyelin can be hydrolyzed by different enzymes: neutral SMase, acidic SMase, and secreted forms of SMases [120]

Kuznetsova, A

They are particularly beneficial for vegetarians and vegans (since B12 is found primarily in animal products), older adults with reduced absorption capacity, individuals with digestive conditions such as Crohn's disease or celiac disease, and anyone who has had gastric bypass surgery