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Among lung cancer patients undergoing radiation treatment, those who received prophylactic powdered glutamine supplementation had less weight loss.[23] Low serum carnitine levels have been observed in cancer patients, and are attributed to decreased nutritional intake and diminished endogenous carnitine synthesis.[24] A prospective, multicenter, placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind trial of L-carnitine (at a dosage of 4 g daily) in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer and cachexia reported increased weight, quality of life, and a trend toward improved survival.[25] Recently, supplementation with mixtures of various amino acids has been studied in cancer

Additionally, KG and glutamate are reciprocally regulated through the response of glutamic pyruvate transaminase (GPT) and glutamic dehydrogenase (GDH) [105]

For H&E staining, the excised tumor and organs were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde solution, embedded in paraffin, sectioned, and stained with H&E

Chen Y, Zhang S, Wang Q, Zhang X (2017) Tumor-recruited M2 macrophages promote gastric and breast cancer metastasis via M2 macrophage-secreted CHI3L1 protein