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A key finding is that by modulating the gut microbiota, GLPs contribute to the amelioration of diabetes

This approach has the advantage of achieving pharmacologically effective drug concentrations in the AMs, which ensures better treatment outcomes

Thus, there is a need for larger studies to fully address this issue

Abbreviations ADL: Activities of daily living ATP: Adenosine triphosphate BBB: Blood-brain barrier CAT: Catalase CBT: Cognitive behavioral therapy CDC: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CFQ: Chalder Fatigue Questionnaire ChiCTR: Chinese Clinical Trial Register CNS: Central nervous system COMPASS: Composite Autonomic Symptom Scale CoQ 10 : Coenzyme Q 10 DCA: Sodium dichloroacetate DHTs: Digital health technologies DSQ: DePaul Symptom Questionnaire EBV: Epstein-Barr virus ETC: Electron transport chain FIS: Fatigue Impact Scale fMRI: Functional magnetic resonance imaging GET: Graded exercise therapy GPx: Glutathione peroxidase GSH: Glutathione H 2 : Molecular hydrogen HRV: Heart rate variability HSV-1: Herpes simplex virus HUTT: Head-Up Tilt Table Test IFN-: Interferon-gamma IgG: Immunoglobulin G IL-1: Interleukin-1 IL-6: Interleukin-6 iNOS: Inducible nitric oxide synthase IOM: Institute of Medicine IVIG: Intravenous immunoglobulin LDN: Low-dose naltrexone MAPK: Mitogen-activated protein kinase ME/CFS: Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome MeSH: Medical Subject Headings MMSE: Mini-Mental State Examination MoCA: Montreal Cognitive Assessment NAC: N-acetylcysteine NfL: Neurofilament light chain NF-B: Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells NICE: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence NK: Natural killer NO: Nitric oxide PACS: Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome PBMCs: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells PDH: Pyruvate dehydrogenase PDKs: Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases PEM: Post-exertional malaise POTS: Postural tachycardia syndrome PSQI: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index RCTs: Randomized controlled trials RNA: Ribonucleic acid RNS: Reactive nitrogen species ROS: Reactive oxygen species RWD: Real-world data SANRA: The Scale for the Assessment of Narrative Review Articles SARS-CoV-2: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 SMN: Somatomotor network SOD: Superoxide dismutase TCA: Tricarboxylic acid TCM: Traditional Chinese medicine Th1: T-helper 1 Th2: T-helper 2 Th17: T-helper 17 TLR3: Toll-like receptor 3 TNF-: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha TRPM3: Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 3 tVNS: Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation OR: -opioid receptors References Cortes Rivera M, Mastronardi C, Silva-Aldana CT, Arcos-Burgos M, Lidbury BA