Common causes of bacterial orchitis include Escherichia coli , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , and Staphylococcus and Streptococcus

Acknowledgements This work was supported by the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission (Z181100001718208, Z211100002521013), National Key R&D Program of China (2022YFC2504200), the Innovation Research Team Project of Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University (CXTD202201, CXTD202202), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82030031, 92149301, 81991504, 81974149, 82201053), the Beijing Municipal Government grant (Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, PXM2021-014226-000041), the Beijing Municipal Education Commission (119207020201), the Beijing Fengtai District Science and Technology Information Bureau (KFS2019-202006), the Chinese Research Unit of Tooth Development and Regeneration, Academy of Medical Sciences (2019-12M-5-031), the Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-based Precision Medicine (PXM2021_014226_000026), the Beijing Municipal Government (Beijing Scholar Program, PXM2020_014226_000005 and PXM2021_014226_000020), the Beijing Municipal Colleges and Universities High Level Talents Introduction and Cultivate Project-Beijing Great Wall Scholar Program (CIT&TCD 20180332), the National Key Research and development Program (2022YFA1104401), the Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals Clinical Medicine Development of Special Funding Support (ZYLX202121)

Rabiee A, Galiatsatos P, Salas-Carrillo R et al (2011) Pancreatic polypeptide administration enhances insulin sensitivity and reduces the insulin requirement of patients on insulin pump therapy
The peptide injection pen has changed the way researchers and patients approach subcutaneous peptide administration