l-carnitine tmao nature medicine 2013 koeth Intestinal microbiota metabolism of L-carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis γ–Butyrobetaine is a pro-atherogenic intermediate

Butyrobetaine is a pro atherogenic intermediate in gut microbial metabolism of L carnitine to TMAO PMC Gut microbiota derived metabolite trimethylamine N oxide in major adverse cardiovascular events: Mechanisms, risk assessment, and therapeutic strategies Unraveling the Formation Mechanisms of Trimethylamine N Oxide and Its Inhibition by Food Ingredients: Toward Cardioprotective Food Development Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry The gutbrain axis and trimethylamine N oxide: an emergent biomarker in neurological diseases ScienceDirect

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