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2006) Thiyl radicals and nucleophilic charged thiolate anion (RS ) form disulfide radical anions, (RSSR) which in turn can reduce molecular oxygen to superoxide anion radical according to the reaction The above set of reactions, resulting in the formation of superoxide radicals, has been shown to be omnipresent and a critical component in biological systems (Poole 2015

TMAO has been implicated in angiotensin II-mediated vasoconstriction (through enhancement of intracellular calcium release), increased sympathetic activation and oxidative stress, and impairment of endothelial nitric oxide production (involved in vasodilation) (Fig

Pecchillo Cimmino et al., 2023)

DOI ISSN 2375-1924 Abstract COVID-19 can have short- and long-term health consequences, including various cardiovascular, respiratory, hematologic, autoimmune, and neurological conditions