These include- Aged over 75 Decreased stomach acid Frequent use of antacids Autoimmune conditions affecting the stomach High doses of folic acid Stomach surgery Prolonged use of metformin Adoption of a vegan or vegetarian diet Excessive alcohol consumption How Does Vitamin B12 Benefit Your Body
AOD-9604 is experimental, not FDA-approved, and should not be viewed as a therapy for medical use
According to the NICE Clinical Knowledge Summary (CKS) and the British National Formulary (BNF) , the standard treatment for B12 deficiency without neurological symptoms involves: Hydroxocobalamin 1 mg intramuscularly three times weekly for two weeks Followed by maintenance doses of 1 mg every three months For patients with neurological symptoms (such as paraesthesia, numbness, cognitive changes, or gait disturbances), more intensive treatment is required: Hydroxocobalamin 1 mg intramuscularly on alternate days until no further improvement occurs Followed by 1 mg every two months for maintenance Pernicious anaemia , an autoimmune condition where the body cannot produce intrinsic factor, requires lifelong treatment
For a substance or method to be added to the List, it must be determined that it meets at least two of the following three criteria: It has the potential to enhance or enhances sport performance It represents an actual or potential health risk to athletes It violates the spirit of sport The full 2024 List was published on 28 September 2023, giving more than three months notice to athletes, their entourage, and other stakeholders, enabling them to acquaint themselves with any modifications
