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The overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can directly damage cellular components (lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids), thereby exacerbating inflammation and tissue injury (Zhou et al., 2025

This research was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFC0906900, 2017YFA050400, 2016YFA0100602, and 2017YFA0103302), the NSFC (31722033, 91649123, 31671484, 31225008, 31470833, 91749203, 81525010, and 81420108017), the Shanghai Science and Technology Commission (14XD1401400, 16430723100, and 15YF1402600), the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by Cast, Shanghai Young Top-notch Talent, the State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, the US National Institutes of Health (HL061795, HG007690, and GM107618 to J.L.), and the American Heart Association (D700382 to J.L.)

doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111303 29 BehlTKaurDSehgalASinglaRKMakeenHAAlbrattyMet al

RPE cells in AMD were observed with decreased PINK1 mitophagy pathway, affecting mitophagy and increasing ROS, which induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition