bpc-157 tight junction intestinal permeability as an Investigational Peptide Therapeutic: Biopharmaceutical Challenges, Formulation Strategies, and Translational Development Barriers Postbiotics and Intestinal Permeability –

B12 absorption starts in the stomach with something called intrinsic factor (1) and eventually makes its way to the small intestine where it is fully absorbed

Lactation: Risk Summary: Zinc is present in human milk

Mechanism of Action (MOA): Inhibit the DPP-4 enzyme, preventing the breakdown of endogenous GLP-1, leading to: Glucose-dependent insulin secretion Glucose-dependent glucagon secretion Efficacy: HbA1c reduction: 0.6%0.8% Primarily reduces postprandial glucose Common Dosing: Sitagliptin (Januvia): 100 mg once daily (dose adjustment required in renal impairment) Saxagliptin (Onglyza): 5 mg once daily ( dose in renal impairment) Linagliptin (Tradjenta): 5 mg once daily (no renal or hepatic dose adjustment) Alogliptin (Nesina): 25 mg once daily ( dose in renal impairment) Adverse Effects: Generally placebo-like URTI, headache, mild GI upset Advantages: Weight neutral Suitable for patients with renal impairment (with dose adjustment) Well-tolerated Possible -cellsparing effect Disadvantages: Risk of acute pancreatitis Joint pain Saxagliptin & alogliptin: potential risk of heart failure Precautions: History of pancreatitis Not recommended in DKA Not indicated in Type 1 Diabetes Monitor for heart failure (saxagliptin, alogliptin) #DPP4Inhibitors #Type2Diabetes #ClinicalPharmacy #Pharmacology #MedicationSafety #DiabetesCare #Endocrinology #PharmacyEducation #HealthcareProfessionals To view or add a comment, sign in 3,206 followers

and physical therapy (vacuum devices and/or penile traction devices, iontophoresis, extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT), and so on) [9, 10]