lucchini glutathione peptide review – laboratoire-lucchini Lucchini Glutathione Peptide NextGen, Tablet,

Supplementary material The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: PPs phytophenolics or polyphenols HSA human serum albumin AD Alzheimer's disease DM diabetes mellitus nCDs non-communicable diseases AFs aflatoxins GMO Genetically modified organisms GM genetically modified N-flavonoids non-flavonoids SOD superoxide dismutase OTA, Ochratoxin A, T1D type 1 DM T2D type 2 DM EU European union US United states IARC international agency for research on cancer ROS reactive oxygen species RNS reactive nitrogen species BBB the blood brain barrier CNS central nervous system NIF neuroinflammation AFB1-NIF AFB1-induced neuroinflammation IL interleukins TNF tumor necrosis factor IGF2 insulin-like growth factor-2 IGF-IR IGF1 receptor HCC hepatocellular carcinoma MetSys metabolic syndromes WHO world health organization GSH glutathione GST glutathione-S-transferase GSH-Px Glutathione peroxidase MDA Malondialdehyde AST aspartate aminotransferase ALT alanine aminotransferase GGT gamma glutamyl-transferase KCs Kupffer cells INF- Interferon gamma TLRs toll-like receptors MAPK mitogen-activated protein kinase MyD88 myeloid differentiation primary response 88 CxCR4 C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 PI3K phosphoinositide 3-kinases AKT protein kinase B COX-2 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 iNOS inducible nitric oxide synthase mTOR mammalian target of rapamycin Nrf2 nuclear factor erythroid 2related factor 2 HO-1 Heme oxygenase-1 STAT signal transducer and activator of transcription AMPK 5&#8217 AMP-activated protein kinase JAK Janus tyrosine kinase NF-B Nuclear factor kappa B CCK cerebral creatine kinase PKC protein kinase C CAT catalase LDH lactate dehydrogenase TNFRs TNF- receptors CK creatine kinase AP acid phosphatase AChE acetylcholinesterase ADA adenosine deaminase p- NF-B phosphorylated NF-B CYP Cytochromes P450 HBC/V hepatitis B/C virus PPI protein-protein interaction HPLC High-performance liquid chromatography IAC immunoaffinity chromatography LC-MS/MS Liquid Chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry HPLC/FLD HPLC with fluorescence detector LFIA Lateral flow immunoassay ME metabolic engineering PBPs PPs biosynthetic pathways PAL phenylalanine ammonia lyase MMPs Matrix metalloproteinases EGFR epidermal growth factor receptor ERK Extracellular signal-regulated kinase FOX fork-head box ALK Anaplastic lymphoma kinase JNK c-Jun N-terminal kinase VEGF Vascular endothelial growth factor ROS1 Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase PPAR peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors IDO, Indoleamine 2 3 dioxygenase TIMP3 TIMP Metallopeptidase Inhibitor 3 PDK Phosphoinositide-dependent Protein Kinase MUP1 major urinary protein 1 GCC Global climate change GW global warming APF AFs-producing fungi

This Review synthesizes current findings on immune cell metabolism in animal models of lupus and in patients with SLE, highlighting the interplay of metabolic disturbances, mitochondrial dysfunction and disease pathogenesis

PMID: 35083263

Funding This study is supported by National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grants funded by the Korean government (MSIT) (RS-2025-00517133)