glutathione-dependent antioxidant system Effect of nitrite exposure on the enzymes and glutathione in the liver of bighead carp, Aristichthys nobilis The Role of Glutathione Metabolism

after four to five half-lives, less than 5% remains, which is usually the point at which pharmacological effects are considered negligible

Increased protein kinase C activation The group of PKCs consist of at least 11 isoforms that are widely distributed in mammalian tissues

2.3 Cisplatin induces mitochondrial dysfunction When cisplatin enters the mitochondria, it acts directly on the inner mitochondrial membrane, leading to the impairment of the function of the electron transport chain, the reduction of ATP production and the induction of ROS generation (Tan and Song, 2023),these damages further lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, which in turn prompts more ROS production, forming a positive feedback loop (Tan and Vlajkovic, 2023)

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