glutathione and the aging process or GSH, is most powerful naturally occurring antioxidant in all human cells Erythrocyte glutathione (GSH) plotted as

H.KimuraT.et al (2016)

In pre-clinical models, BPC 157 has been observed to: Upregulate vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) , promoting new blood vessel formation in damaged tissue Modulate nitric oxide (NO) synthesis pathways, influencing vascular tone and healing cascades Interact with the growth hormone receptor system , potentially amplifying downstream tissue repair signaling Demonstrate cytoprotective effects along the gastrointestinal tract its native home territory as a gastric peptide Exhibit apparent neuroprotective properties in rodent models of CNS injury BPC 157 stability in gastric acid unusual for peptides has made it a focus of GI mucosal repair research

doi: 10.1111/nyas.14536 8 MrowickaMMrowickiJDraganGMajsterekI

At the cellular level, GHK-Cu has been shown to increase collagen synthesis in fibroblast cultures by stimulating TGF- signaling and upregulating collagen type I and III gene expression