This could explain observed improvements in stress resilience, circadian rhythm, and systemic inflammatory balance across multiple models
But around 2010 as Sikiric was conducting rat studies peptides came onto their radar
= reduced peptide bond (CH2-NH2) n=5 Family # Rj/N-acyl group) R2 R3 hexanoyl Tyr He pb heptanoyl Tyr He Pb pentanoyl Tyr He pb butanoyl Tyr He pb propanoyl Tyr He pb acetanoyl Tyr He pb benzoyl Tyr He pb hexanoyl Tyr lie Family # Rl R2 R3 D-NIe Tyr He D-Nle Phe He D-NIe Asp He D-Nle Arg lie D-Nle He He D-Nle Ser He D-Nle His He D-Nle Gly He D-Nle Cys He D-Nle Met He D-Nle Tip He D-Nle Lys He D-Nle Val He D-Nle Gly D-Ile Ki R2 R3 D-Nle D-Tyr He D-Nle D-Phe He D-Nle D-Asp He D-Nle D-Arg He D-Nle D-Ile He D-Nle D-Ser He D-Nle D-His He D-NIe D-Gly He D-Nle D-Cys He D-Nle D-Met He D-Nle D-Tip He D-Nle D-Lys He Rl R2 R3 Tyr Tyr lie Phe Tyr lie Asp Tyr lie Arg Tyr lie He Tyr lie Ser Tyr He His Tyr He Gly Tyr He Cys Tyr He Met Tyr He Typ Tyr He Lys Tyr He RI R2 R3 5 D-Tyr Tyr lie D-Phe Tyr lie D-Asp Tyr He D-Arg Tyr He D-Ile Tyr lie D-Ser Tyr lie D-His Tyr He D-Cys Tyr He D-Met Tyr He D-Typ Tyr He D-Lys Tyr He With reference to Table 1 , while a number of compounds which have been synthesized include tyrosine and isoleucine at R2 and R 3 , respectively, a wide range of amino acid and other residues might be used for the mimetics or agonists (Family 1 and Families 2- 5, respectively) in the practice of embodiments of the invention at these other positions including, without limitation, tyrosine, cysteine, methionine, phenylalaine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, histidine, tryptophan, lysine, leucine, valine, homocysteine, homoserine, and homophenyalanine
Published microarray studies document GHK-Cu effects across thousands of human genes related to repair pathways
