l carnitine and kidney Supplementation in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients—A Literature Review L-Carnitine and Chronic Kidney Disease:

doi: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aay18635/43/eaay1863 54 GotsmanIGrabieNDacostaRSukhovaGSharpeALichtmanAH

Who is at risk of Vitamin B12 deficiency Vitamin B12 deficiency can affect anyone, but some groups are more vulnerable: Older adults (reduced absorption with age) Vegans and vegetarians (plant foods lack natural B12) People with gastrointestinal conditions, such as Crohns disease or coeliac disease Those taking certain medications, like metformin or proton pump inhibitors Patients who have had bariatric or stomach surgery Treatment options for VitaminB12 deficiency typically includes: Vitamin B12 injections for severe deficiency or poor absorption Oral B12 supplements for mild cases Dietary changes to include B12-rich or fortified foods Improvements may take weeks or months depending on how long the deficiency has been present

Andrew: Trust me, now there are going to a be a few

That referral, and the way we handled it, is the kind of relationship we want with every patient we cannot fully help on our own