l carnitine vs acetyl L-Carnitine & Alpha-Lipoic Acid an important neurotransmitter for brain and nerve cell function L-Carnitine and acetyl-L-carnitine roles and

This encompasses factors include internalization, recycling, turnover rates, lysosomal degradation, and obligate mechanisms [26]

Accumulation of intracellular lipid peroxides without timely elimination can cause oxidative damage to DNA, proteins, and the cell membrane ultimately leading to ferroptosis

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Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis identified the MAPK signaling pathway (hsa04010) as a key mechanism involving 33 critical proteins, including AKT1, TP53, TNF, EGFR, RELA, and MAPK1