economic impact of tobacco Higher Taxes Can Improve Health and Raise Revenue Tobacco and the environment

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Spain and France may have put their measures on hold, but they have retained the option to reinstate those measures if EU-level reforms do not deliver their desired outcome

Second, we estimated multivariable linear regression models of cigarettes smoked per day, conditional on the frequency of vaping (categorized as every-day, some-days, ever but no longer, never), psychological distress (categorized as NPD, MPD, and SPD), the interaction of vaping and psychological distress (these variables were demeaned, or centered so that main effect coefficients could be directly interpreted 26 ), and other covariates described above

doi: 10.1016/j.anl.2020.10.009 48