14) that can signal the release of neurotransmitters such as dopamine, norepinephrine, acetylcholine, GABA, and glutamate involved in reward pathways, transmission at the neuromuscular junction, and cognition (Figures 2, 3) [Figure 2) [ FIGURE 2 FIGURE 3 Brain imaging studies have demonstrated that nicotine acutely increases the activity in the visual system, PFC, and thalamus which are consistent with activation of the corticobasal ganglia-thalamic brain circuits [Figure 4) [ FIGURE 4 While electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) do not produce combusted smoke, they do deliver an aerosol containing nicotine and other tobacco-related compounds [26]
A wide range of carcinogens and mutagens, including radioactive polonium, benzopyrene, dimethylbenzanthracene, naphthalene methylnaphthalene, polycystic aromatic hydrocarbons, and heavy metals such as cadmium, have been found in cigarette smoke (Hosseinzadeh Colagar et al
With these products, kids have two chances to be exposed to nicotine: when the user exhales and in between puffs, when a lit cigarette or cigar sits in an ashtray
[The Upwell: Notes from the Editor is a semiregular special edition to the Hakai newsletter that brings analysis of issues impacting coastlines around the world
