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Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco and the Society for the Study of Addiction

these cells subsequently enter the arterial wall and promote atherosclerosis.95 In young adults who chronically used electronic cigarettes, FDG-PET CT showed increased uptake in the spleen and aortic wall compared with non-users, which is consistent with the engagement of the splenocardiac axis by the substances released by these devices.96 The effect on physical properties of the cardiovascular system come from a study of mice exposed to electronic cigarette vapours for 8 months (4 hours a day for 5 days a week, emulating an equivalent of 20 years of exposure in humans)

The results indicate that cultural displacement and adaptation pressures may interact with emotional vulnerability to enhance smoking as identity and stress-reflective behaviors

This typically does not worsen mental health