Additionally, because ECs themselves are a health hazard 7,8,35 , governments should caution against the conversion of a non-smoking status into new EC status due to the aggressive marketing by ECs companies
Abbreviations ACTB: Actin B AEGM: Airway epithelial cell growth medium ALI: Airliquid interface ATP5F1A: ATP synthase F1 subunit alpha B2M: Beta-2 microglobulin, BEGM: Bronchial epithelial cell growth medium BSA: Bovine serum albumin BMI: Body mass index BNIP3: BCL2 interacting protein 3 BNIP3L: BCL2 Interacting protein 3-Like COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease CS: Cigarette smoke COXII: Cytochrome C oxidase subunit II COXIII: Cytochrome C oxidase subunit III COXIV: Cytochrome C oxidase subunit 4I1 CYC1: Cytochrome C-1 CYTB: Mitochondrially encoded cytochrome B DNM1L: Dynamin-1-Like ESRRA: Estrogen related receptor, alpha FEV1: Forced expiratory volume in first second FIS1: Fission, mitochondrial 1 FOXJ1: Forkhead box J1 FUNDC1: FUN14 domain containing 1 FVC: Forced vital capacity GABARAPL1: GABA type a receptor associated protein like 1 HADHA: Hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase trifunctional multienzyme complex subunit alpha HBSS: Hanks balanced salt solution HK2: Hexokinase 2 KRT5: Keratin 5 KRT14: Keratin 14 MAP1LC3A: Microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha MAP1LC3B: Microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta MFN1: Mitofusin 1 MFN2: Mitofusin 2 MUC5AC: Mucin 5AC, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming NDUFB3: NADH:Ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 NDUFB8: NADH:Ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B8 NRF1: Nuclear respiratory factor 1, NRF2: Nuclear respiratory factor 2 OPA1: OPA1, Mitochondrial dynamin like GTPase OXPHOS: Oxidative phosphorylation PBEC: Primary bronchial epithelial cells PDK4: Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 PINK1: PTEN Induced kinase 1 PPAR: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor PPARA: Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha PPARD: Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta PPARG: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma PPARGC1: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1 PPARGC1A: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1 Alpha PPARGC1B: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1 beta PPIA: Peptidylprolyl isomerase A PPRC1: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator-related 1 PRKN: Parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase RPL13A: Ribosomal protein L13A SCGB1A1: Secretoglobin family 1a member 1 SDHB: Succinate dehydrogenase complex iron sulfur subunit B SEM: Standard error of the mean SQSTM1: Sequestosome 1, transcript variant 1/4 TBST: Tween20 Tris-buffered saline TEER: Transepithelial electrical resistance TFAM: Transcription Factor A, mitochondrial TOMM20: Translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20 TP63: Tumor protein P63 UQCRC2: Ubiquinol-cytochrome C reductase core protein 2 References GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators
Science 149:537538 Kenawy E (2018) Tobacco economics in Egypt
Lancet Public Health 2:e258
