Published 2020 Aug 5
Maternal age was categorized as Under 15, 1519, 2024, 2529, 3034, 3539, 4044, and 45 and over. Race was categorized as White, Black, American Indian or Alaskan Native, and Asian or Pacific Islander. Educational attainment was categorized as Less than a high school degree, High school diploma or General Education Development (GED), Some college or associate degree, Bachelors degree, and Masters degree or higher. Statistical analysis Sociodemographic characteristics were reported with weighted percentages and classified by the smoking status during pregnancy (smoker, nonsmoker)
Consistent with the notion that structural alterations in these regions are a product of prolonged nicotine/tobacco exposure, group differences between smokers and nonsmokers within, for example, the insula were not detected among an adolescent/young adult participant sample with relatively lower exposure levels (0.9 0.7 pack-years on average) [85] but were observed among similarly aged individuals with relatively higher exposure levels (4.0 1.8 pack-years) [86]
Third, we sought to provide enhanced structural-behavioral insight via emergent database driven meta-analytic tools, which allow for the characterization of typical patterns of task-based co-activation and associated behavioral phenomenon for user-specified seed regions of interest
