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Research in the Cloud Textbook, forthcoming with Cambridge University Press Building a Causal Case: How Scientists Showed that Smoking Kills Without Conducting an Experiment In this post: Why scientists could never run the experiment needed to definitively prove smoking causes cancer and how they built an airtight case anyway How the tobacco industry exploited the limits of correlational research to sow public doubt for decades What causal inference actually is and the five strategies researchers use to build a cause-and-effect case when experiments arent possible How ruling out alternative explanations one by one can be almost as powerful as a controlled experiment If youre under thirty, heres something that might be hard to imagine: people used to smoke, everywhere

Archived from the original on March 13, 2014

Les premires recherches ont mis en vidence des teneurs alarmantes en nicotine dans ces produits, suscitant des inquitudes quant leur impact sur la sant bucco-dentaire

If you test positive for nicotine but reported you didnt dip, your chances of getting a fair insurance offer from that company plummet