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The purifier also features multiple sensors and detects pollutants, including formaldehyde (a harmful substance emitted by some wood, glues, paints and household cleaners, and present in smoke from wildfires and cigarettes) and carbon dioxide in the air, offering detailed insights into air quality improvements via its smartphone app

As one of Europe's poorest countries by GDP per capita, Moldova has struggled to implement the kind of steep tobacco taxes that have curbed consumption elsewhere on the continent, since sharp price increases tend to hit already stretched household budgets hard

Measures Questionnaire We obtained information on demographics, and levels of secondhand smoke exposure at home, work or study centre, and during leisure time

Conclusions This study underscores the need for regulatory enforcement of manufacturing quality control and product labeling practices to optimize the harm reduction potential and consumer experience associated with the use commercial disposable/non-chargeable e-cigarette