The classical M1 activation phenotype, induced by the presence of IFN-, released by T cells, LPS or DAMP, is characterized by a microglia with the capacity to produce inflammatory cytokines (IL-23, IL-18, IL-12, IL-1, IL-6, TNF-, CCL2, and CXCL10), ROS, NO and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP9 and MMP3), as well as acting as an antigen-presenting cell preventing the entry of pathogens (Liu et al., 2019)
CBD and 8-THC have low oxidation potentials of approximately 1.2 and 1.0 V, respectively, due to their electron-rich aromatic rings
In addition to facilitating absorption, this organ system has evolved to metabolize and eliminate drug compounds, thereby playing a critical role in determining drug fate and overall disposition
Graphical Abstract The protective effect of sertraline against injury induced by cerebral ischemia reperfusion via inhibiting Hemorrhagic transformation