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Signs and symptoms of B12 deficiency include glossitis (inflammation of the tongue), pale skin, fatigue, palpitations, weight loss, infertility, dementia, and numbness and tingling

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Sample size was determined based on prior pilot studies and ethical guidelines, with a minimum of eight mice per group considered sufficient to achieve statistical power while minimizing animal use

2004;22(14) doi: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.8025